Health Risks from Exposure to Phthalates

The non-profit Environmental Working Group launched the Not Too Pretty campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of phthalates, industrial chemicals that are used as solvents in many cosmetics. Most of the mainstream hair sprays, deodorants, nail polishes and perfumes that millions of people use every day contain these harmful chemicals. Phthalates are also employed as plastic softeners in many different consumer products, including children’s toys and medical devices. Why are phthalates dangerous? Shown to damage the liver, kidneys, lungs and reproductive systems in animal studies, phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. Scientists at government agencies in both the U.S. and Canada agree that exposure to the chemicals could cause a wide range of health and reproductive problems in people. It has been very difficult, however, to determine the minimum level of exposure when these problems arise. For many of us, our exposure to phthalates may be low on any given day, but we absorb these small quantities of chemicals frequently, over decades.   Manufacturers use phthalates because they cling to the skin and nails to give perfumes, hair gels and nail polishes more staying power. But a recent study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that five percent of women between age 20 and 40 had up to 45 times more phthalates in their bodies than researchers initially hypothesized. CDC found phthalates in virtually every person tested, but the largest concentrations -- 20 times higher than the rest of the population -- were found in women of child-bearing age. Another study, led by Dr. Shanna Swan of the University of Missouri, identified developmental abnormalities in male infants correlating to high phthalate levels in their mothers’ bodies. More studies associated phthalates breast cancer and with hormonal disruptions in young girls and women. Currently, potential links to obesity and metabolic issues are being investigated.   Industry Group Denies Risk Meanwhile, the industry-backed American Chemistry Council asserts, â€Å"There is no reliable evidence that any phthalate has ever caused a health problem for a human from its intended use.† The group accuses organizations of â€Å"cherry-picking† results â€Å"showing impacts on test animals to create unwarranted concern about these products.† EWG spokesperson Lauren E. Sucher urges people—especially women who are pregnant, nursing or planning on becoming pregnant—to avoid phthalates. EWG maintains a free online database named Skin Deep, which list lotions, creams, and polishes that contain phthalates. It also provides information on many other chemical compounds found in products beyond just cosmetics, including sunscreens, baby products, and toothpaste. Banned in Europe, Not U.S. or Canada A 2003 European Union directive bans phthalates in cosmetics sold in Europe, but U.S. and Canadian regulators have not been so proactive, despite mounting evidence of potential harm. Health advocates were temporarily relieved when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it would begin enforcing a 1975 law requiring labels on products with ingredients that havent been safety tested. But such labels remain to be seen, even though 99 percent of cosmetics contain one or more untested ingredients.

Medical Nutrition Therapy A Case Study Approach

Name: Sarah Neary Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Case Study Approach 4th ed. Case 26 – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Instructions: Please complete each question listed below. Be thorough in answering these questions. With any calculations, please show your work. Use any resources available to complete these questions, but chapter 21 of your textbook will help you complete this assignment. Make sure to look up any unfamiliar terms or concepts. Answers can be typed directly into this document and should be uploaded to D2L by April 8th by 9 pm save file as last name – COPD case study. A. Understanding the Disease and Pathophysiology (3 points) Mrs. Bernhardt was diagnosed with Stage 1 emphysema/COPD 5 years ago. What criteria are used to classify this staging? Stage 1 emphysema/COPD is classified as having FEV1/FVC of less than 70%, an FEV2 greater than 80% predicted, and with or without chronic symptoms. COPD includes two distinct diagnoses. Outline the similarities and differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic Bronchitis: Exposure to cigarettes smoke over time can cause inflammatory responses. These inflammatory responses decrease the function of cilia, increase phagocytosis, and suppress the amount of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Damaged cilia are unable to clean mucus from the airways which causes shortness of breath and chronic inflammatory responses can result in edema in the bronchioles. This causes patients toShow MoreRelatedMedical Nutrition Therapy : A Case Study Approach2407 Words   |  10 PagesName: Sarah Neary Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Case Study Approach 4th ed. Case 18 – Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Dialysis Instructions: Please complete each question listed below. Be thorough in answering these questions. With any calculations, please show your work. Use any resources available to complete these questions, but chapter 18 of your textbook will help you complete this assignment. 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The intended procedure will be performed by a laparoscopy however there is a chance that a laparotomy may be required. The patient has no previous known medical condition. It will discuss and analysis the nursing interventions, therapeutic communication and person-centred approach to perioperative care. Surgery is a unique experience and no two people respondRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagesinterventions to prevent pre-diabetes (higher than normal glucose levels, but not yet high enough for diabetes diagnosis) and diabetes, which should include education about diabetes, including the risk factors and effects. A major clinical research study, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), found that moderate weight loss through increase physical activity and decrease in fat and calorie intake significantly delayed the onset of Type 2 diabetes (4). It is suggested that by eating less fat and fewerRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1699 Words   |  7 Pagesfemales, but men can suffer from them as well. Except for binge eating, this in terms of statistics is seen equally in men and women. There are varied treatment options for these disorders, including specialized hospitals, medication, psychotherapy, nutrition education and support groups. Eating d isorders do not only take a great toll on the sufferer, but also on friends and family who surround that individual. Anorexia nervosa stands apart from the other two eating disorders aforementioned in the senseRead MoreThe Revitalization Of Respiratory Disorder875 Words   |  4 Pagesopposes health norm makers with difficult legal and ethical problems about the appropriate utilization of potential and assets to defend public health. This article depict that improvements of enlarge violations which including directly observed therapy, detainment of resistant patients, forcefully inject medicaments. This all prospects believe that to reduce risk factor of tuberculosis transmission to one person to another and prevention form spreading TB and fully treated respected community. InRead MoreNutritional Survival For Diabetics : The Center For Disease And Prevention1308 Words   |  6 Pageshealthy indicator nutrition, physical activity and obesity targeting the importance of nutritional aspects for the prevention and maintenance of diabetes. The importance of health proportion; relating to Healthy People 2020 goals, and education of nutritional diabetic plans are important aspects relating to diabetes. Introduction about Diabetes Many individuals only know basic information about diabetes, however doesn’t completely understand the disease. 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Eating small portions more often is sometimes easier than eating large meals (â€Å"Nutrition Recommendations†). Keeping snacks handy and utilizing different types of shakes and other drink mixes can provide necessary caloriesRead MorePseudoscience Of Chiropractic And Its Effects On Society1442 Words   |  6 PagesPseudoscience of chiropractic Chiropractic is an invalid and harmful therapy, which is created on the basis of pseudoscientific ideas. Chiropractors use manual therapy, especially manipulation of the spine, other joints, and soft tissues to treat diseases and proclaim a cure-all and vaccination opposition. Only one of therapy (chiropractic) was used in the medicine and would not allow any vaccine inoculation to be made available to people, which is chiropractic theory. Chiropractic followers set

Judith- Compare and Contrast - 1431 Words

Judith – Old English and Vulgate Versions Upon looking closely at the Old English and Vulgate versions of Judith, one can catch a glimpse of how culture was during the time they were written by comparing and contrasting the elements of the story that are presented and modified. The distinct differences that can be found between the Old English and the vulgate versions of Judith provide a clear view of what the Anglo-Saxons considered to be important, and what they felt required respect. When comparing and contrasting these two versions, one can utilize other Old English works such as Beowulf and The Wanderer to clearly spot the differences and similarities to receive some insight into the culture and feelings of the Anglo-Saxons. One of†¦show more content†¦10, Book of Judith 16:23). The idea of Judith being a warrior for the rest of her life seeking glory and fighting in battle was most likely an idea that the Anglo-Saxons could not give up on and shows the need their culture had for heroes that garnered glory. A difference clearly illuminated by examining the two works is the role of women in Anglo-Saxon culture. The Anglo-Saxon version of Judith clearly illustrates the idea of a Valkyrie, a woman who is not afraid to battle, and revels in the thought of Judith being a strong captain or even warrior who leads her people to a bloody victory. This conception is evidenced by how Judith is characterized in the Anglo-Saxon version being portrayed as a valiant virgin with nerve and vigor (Judith Ch. 10). This stands in stark contrast to the book of Judith verses three through four where Judith is revealed to be a widow who has lived alone for three years and four months. It’s obvious by looking at these two different stories that one can tell what was important to the Anglo-Saxon people. A young woman strong and stable without a care in the world besides who she was fighting would appeal greatly to the warrior culture of the Anglo-Saxons. But the book of Judith reveals to us a woman in de ep sadness who has fasted all the days ofShow MoreRelatedDomesticity of Giraffes and Fox in a Tree Stump1422 Words   |  6 PagesTHE DOMESTICITY OF GIRAFFES AND FOX IN A TREE STUMP SPEECH. Good morning/Afternoon class, in my speech I will be discussing my understanding of the poems Domesticity of Giraffes and Fox in A Tree Stump by Judith Beveridge. Moral values and meanings are portrayed through these two poems by expressing and clarifying the value of life and exploring humanitys relationship with animals. The two poems clarify the value of life through both active and passive roles. In Fox in a tree stump an activeRead MoreJudith Shares Similarities With Deborah And Jael883 Words   |  4 PagesThe fact that Judith is a woman helps support the idea that if the Jews have God on their side, they can defeat their enemy the Assyrians even with a woman. Judith shares similarities with Deborah and Jael, by their actions to step in and save their people when men gave up. In contrast, they are different from their approach on ways of killing the General of their enemies, by either an army, summoning them to their tent, or going into their tent and killing them. Judith’s role as a woman and sheRead MoreIntentional Melodrama Forms in Brechts The Jewish Wife Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesSuperfluous exposition is almost entirely eliminated from the text and the audience is introduced to the heroine, Judith Keith, through her rather impersonal phone conversations. 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In contrast to the male body, the female figures have been varied over time and across culture. In the modern era, the thin shaped figure is the ultimate desire of most women because it reflects the beauty and attractiveness of women accordingRead MoreOrigins of The Story of the Three Bears1044 Words   |  4 PagesThree Bears† which appeared in his writings. Robert Southey’s version of ‘The Three Bears,’ states three characteristics in his tale in â€Å"The Doctor†. The first feature compares and contrasts the past and the present speech to represent the roles of the three bears. His context demonstrates that other authors such as, Judith St. John and many others suggest that the bears seem to be brothers. The second feature shows the fact that the villain is not a young girl, but a little old woman. Lastly

Competing Models Contemporary Planning Theory

Question: Describe about the Competing models of Contemporary planning theory? Answer: Planning is a regularizing development one would suspect that planning will be considered good essentials. Post World War-2 noticeable planning thought became acquainted with separated from good thought. Shockingly, this midsection showed an invalid conferred reason that each restraint was worked in ascribes and should dodge worth request. This false supposition is in the blink of an eye essentially can't. "Contemporary Planning Theory" totally perceives the routinely directing traits of the planning system. Then again, notwithstanding it makes small use of directing good thought to light up the issues raised by this recognizing evidence (Guhathakurta, 1999). There is an enhancing advanced enthusiasm, in the spatial organization of city ranges and in spatial procedure. However, there is a typical loss of certification in legislative systems as methods for issue assertion and the perfect control of joining materials. This builds worries about how partners in spatial change in the city ranges become acquainted with the confused qualities of city regions, how they become acquainted with the reality on strategies and exercises, and how this may be changed over into effect on exercises (Healey, 2012). The routes in which planning oversaw at the beginning of the Twenty first thousand years did not follow a solitary outline of either an applicable method or a suitable result. Inside European nations and the U. s. Announces, requests a participatory modeone that drew in natives well on the way to be experiencing changes in the planning strategy for their regions came to be regarded in a few spots yet not in others. The thought of participatory planning has conveyed to the world, in spite of the fact that it keeps on being confined in its receiving. For the most part, the level of which planning incorporates a group commitment demonstrates the level of popular government experienced in every spot. Inside a more participatory structure, the piece of constant changes from that of expert to that of mediator between diverse classifications, or "partners" (Hillier and Healey, 2008). This adjusted part has been prescribed by supporters supporting a thought of "informative soundness." Expert s of this point of view, on the other hand, assert that the technique may decrease progression or just improve the cravings of the individuals who have the most power, prompting the results rather than the group interest. They are additionally drawn in that the response of "Nimbyism" avoids building financially savvy land and required group venues if neighbourhood residents have the capacity for any advancement that they stress will bring down their property principles (Levy, 2011). In whole, the huge mixture of sorts, of assignments on which coordinators work, the absence of assertion over methodology and goals, and the diverse procedures taken in better places and countries has made extraordinary contrast inside current city planning. In any case, in spite of the fact that the exceptional idea of tight isolation of employments is always on the succeed in numerous spots, there is a noticeable example toward blended utilization improvement, especially of supporting exercises, for example, retail location, entertainment, and lodging inside downtown areas (Roo and Silva, 2010). Certain destinations of planning, for example, insurance of the earth, stay vital, and accentuation among the different targets have adjusted. Specifically, monetary development planning, particularly in old places that have encountered from the reduction of generation, has arrived at the front. Coordinators responsible for money related development act much like businessmen included, in promoting: they upgrade their places to imminent dealers and survey physical development as far as its appreciation for capital and its planned to make undertakings, instead of by its refreshment or consenting to an all-inclusive strategy. Such organizers work to accomplish development contracts with foremen and organizations that will upgrade nearby business. Particularly in the U. S., planning associations have fretted about promoting the monetary development and have ended up included in examining offers with individual originators. Designers may be allowed to manufacture in returned for giving su bsidizes, gimmicks, or different profits to the group. In the U. S., where exceptional approval is not obliged if the building suits into the zoning regulation, offers typically incorporate an open appropriation. Regular development contracts incorporate giving place, charge remission, or controlling help to property planners in return for a devotion to give facilities. An agreement might likewise be hit between the city and an individual organization in which the organization affirms to move into or stay in a place in return for different rebates. Numerous such arrangements create talk about, particularly if a town workout the privilege of prestigious area and takes an individual place for development assignments (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015). Overall ideas with respect to suitable planning have logically put up as an effect of a few styles. To begin with, keen defences against a "solitary plan" procedure have acquired authority. The special concession to the manifestation of composing development encapsulating differentiating of employments and reliable development along pioneer lines has been changed by understanding of neighbourhood varieties and the more prominent craving to consent to the law based input. Second, it has gotten to be regularly realized that, even where the inconvenience of necessities may be suitable, numerous spots do not have the sources to acquire them. In the third world, easy-going commercial centres and understandings, once scrutinized by coordinators, now have all the earmarks of being unavoidable and regularly fitting in giving the needs of lacking regions. Organizers in these circumstances, influenced by overall help associations, continuously push to redesign squatter assertions and street co mmercial centres instead of evacuating them for the sake of change. Third, legislative reasons embracing the free business have constrained coordinators to scan for business sector based distinct options for issues, for example, defilement and the supply of open administrations. This has prompted privatization of previously transparently had gimmicks and sources and to the exchanging of benefits to make range and to discharge contaminants set up on a basically controlling procedure (Allmendinger, 2002). Planning in its roots had a suggested suspicion that a decently planned, widely arranged city would be a socially ameliorative one. At the end of the day, it kept up toward environmental determinism. The objectives of planning have therefore ended up more direct, and the way that the physical environment can essentially influence social conduct has lessened. Planning as practice and self-restraint is based upon the open arrangement as a gadget for producing a more sensible and eye-getting climate that, while not definitely changing human conduct, however assumes a part in advancements in the aggregate prosperity for various individuals (Cao, 2013). References Allmendinger, P. (2002). Planning theory. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. Cao, K. (2013). Modern urban planning theories. Planning Theory, 12(3), pp.321-323. Encyclopedia Britannica, (2015). Urban planning: Competing models. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/619445/urban-planning/258086/Competing-models [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015]. Guhathakurta, S. (1999). Urban Modeling and Contemporary Planning Theory: Is There a Common Ground?. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 18(4), pp.281-292. Healey, P. (2012). Strategic Planning for Contemporary Urban Regions: City of Cities: A project for Milan. Planning Theory Practice, 13(3), pp.497-498. Hillier, J. and Healey, P. (2008). Critical essays in planning theory. Aldershot, Hants, Eng.: Ashgate. Levy, J. (2011). Contemporary urban planning. Boston: Longman. Roo, G. and Silva, E. (2010). A planner's encounter with complexity. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate.

Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay In this essay I will be focusing on act four scenes one, two, three and four of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. This section of the play is highly significant, several major issues are raised which have an enormous impact on the whole play. Throughout these scenes we also learn alot about the characters and how they deal with and overcome their difficulties. I will study each scene individually pinpointing various themes and concentrating on moments of dramatic tension. Leading up to act four the story so far is; Romeo Montague has met and fallen in love with Juliet Capulet. This relationship is forbidden to both the sets of parents, Romeo and Juliet are starcrossed lovers. However Lord and Lady Capulet have some delightful news, a relation to the Prince of Verona, Paris, wants to marry Juliet. Juliets parents together try their best to persuade Juliet to marry him and want the wedding as soon as possible, unbeknown to them Juliet is secretly married to their enemys son, Romeo, by Friar Lawrence. As the result from a gory street brawl Romeo gets banished, Juliets cousin Tybalt brutally kills Mercutio, Romeos friend. Romeo and Juliet contently spend their wedding night together, but Romeo has to reluctantly leave for Mantua in the morning. Juliet trys to persuade him to stay Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. Romeo has to go. Juliets mother confronts Juliet and orders her to marry Paris, Juliet is appalled and refuses to do so. Lord Capulet i s infuriated on hearing the news of Juliets rejection to marry Paris and threatens to disown her if she continues to disobey him. The scene turns nasty and gains a high climax as the Nurse interrupts and defends Juliet. At the end of act three Juliet is frustrated, already a married woman she decides to seek Friar Lawrences aid. Act four begins with Paris visiting Friar Lawrence about his wedding arrangements. Paris comes across as a pleasant, courteous young man, who is certainly fond of Juliet. He thinks hes being thoughtful and helpful in trying to forward his marriage to Juliet, as he believes she is grieving for Tybalt and wishes to marry her soon, Lord Capulet has faith this will ease her sorrow. Juliet arrives at Friar Lawrences cell feeling terrified but showing great composure. She has a tremendous amount of bother on her mind, she visits him to try to resolve her problems, instead Paris is there unexpectedly, him being the reason she has gone to see Friar Lawrence. There is dramatic conflict, its the first time Juliet and Paris have been together. Paris is genuinely overjoyed and pleased to see her. He cheerfully greets her with hope she will soon be his wife. Friar Lawrence announces he needs time alone with anxious Juliet, there confidential conversation is now delayed. There is little polite conversation (through gritted teeth from Juliet) and Paris leaves saying God shield I should disturb devotion! and blows her a kiss. In this scene it is plain to see that Juliet is very apprehensive and dreadfully worried about the position she is in, Shakespeare makes this known to us by allowing Paris to appear in the opening of this scene causing dramatic tension. Juliets true character is revealed in this scene she is learning to deceive by using words to disguise rather than to inform. She craftily holds Paris at a distance with some of her remarks, That may be sir, when I may be a wife. Juliet is then left alone with Friar Lawrence to discuss her options, she threatens to kill herself if she has to marry Paris. Although Friar Lawrence obviously couldnt let this happen. He is in the wrong, he has married Juliet, a child of fourteen without parents consent. At the time he believed he was doing the right thing, but now he realises what he did was wrong and he has to think of a way out of his mess. So using his knowledge of herbs and drugs he devises a plan to reunite Juliet with her husband Romeo and ruin any future between her and Paris, although he did not think this through thoroughly. If the plan is successful it will eventually reveal his own complicity, if Romeo arrives in time to collect Juliet and take her back to Mantua, the subsequent explantions would have no doubt in involving Friar Lawrence. He overlooks this point and gives her a powerful drug which she must take the night before her wedding with Paris. The drug will make Juliet seem dead, its effects wil l last up to forty-two hours. In detail he explains to her that he will write to Romeo to tell him whats happening, and will arrange for him to be in the tomb where Juliet will lye for when she awakes and he will then take her back with him to Mantua. In desperation Juliet accepts Friar Lawrences plan. Hades EssayThere are a lot of elements and characteristics in the play that make it popular and successful. One of the points that gets critics attention is that despite the plays Italian setting, the language, customs and attitudes are generally English (Brian C). Another characteristic thing for the Elizabethan age is that there are no sudden and original plot turns. Elizabethans werent so interested in that, how the story was told was more important for them (Brian C). The good rhyming lines are much frequent in the play, which is another positive element (Rowse 68). Music and references to music are also used a lot in the play. In fact, musical elements in this play are greater than in any other one (Rowse 73). Romeo and Juliet is rich of different and contrasting personages, who eventually become persons and this personality continues throughout the play (Ward 267). One of these characters is Romeo, who is an excellent example of a person with the lovesickness and stereotypical attitude towards love (Brian C). Some of the finest poetry in the play is given by Romeo, when he sees Juliet for the first time (Brian C). The play also contains a mix of high tragedy and comedy, displayed in another character the Juliets nurse (Brian C). Romeo and Juliet has been a very good target for critics of the past three centuries. Some critics have praised this play for its beautiful and easy-reading language, interesting plot and touching theme and characters. Others have found some faults with certain aspects of the play (Scott 410). But despite these faults, most of the critics have been saying that Romeo and Juliet is one of the best works of Shakespeare and it has had a big influence on the development of the English drama (Scott 410). In general, Romeo and Juliet has been a really good topic to discuss and criticize. But however it has always been and will remain a work proving Shakespeares perfect talent and a great love story to read, watch and admire. BibliographyBrian, Paul. Study Guide for . 1997. URL: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/love-in-the-arts/romeo.htmlRowse, A.L. The Annotated Shakespeare, Volume 3: The Tragedies and Romances. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc./Publishers. 1978. Scott, Mark W. Shakespearean Criticism, Volume 5. Romeo and Juliet. Detroit: Gale Research Company. 1987. The World Book Encyclopedia 17: S-Sn. William Shakespeare. Chicago: World Book, Inc. 1997. Ward, A.W. and A.R.Waller. The Cambridge History of English Drama, Volume 5: The Drama to 1642, Part 1. Shakespeares Plays. London: Cambridge University Press. 1970. Shakespeare